Free any data recovery 6.1.1.84/29/2023 ![]() School-family blended PA programs are considered a potentially effective approach to improve FMSs and health-related outcomes among obese children, however, empirical evidence is still limited. Obese children often encounter a considerable challenge in the development of FMSs. In addition, we also provide a holistic preventative approach that is aligned with a contemporary intervention structure (i.e., Multi-tiered Systems of Support) to promote, from a developmental perspective, positive trajectories of health and well-being across childhood and adolescence.įundamental motor skills (FMSs) are crucial for children’s health and comprehensive development. We propose a conceptual framework that comprehensively addresses the integration of physical, cognitive, psychological, social, and emotional domains of child and adolescent development. The collective ideas outlined in this paper are aligned to address the need to remove disciplinary-specific boundaries and elucidate synergistic linkages across multiple research domains that support holistic development and lifespan health and wellness. To address this issue, our authorship team consists of researchers in the areas of developmental psychology, neuroscience, motor development, exercise science, and mental health. The need for a more holistic and inclusive approach to child and adolescent development is increasingly evident to promote long-term health and well-being as the overall percentage of children, adolescents, and adults who suffer from mental health disorders is increasing. ![]() While research in specific academic disciplines has individually advanced knowledge and practice for promoting multiple aspects of health and well-being in children and adolescents, still missing is an understanding of the interconnectedness of many critical aspects of development and how to intentionally weave these factors to advance a more holistic approach. Conclusion : The KTK is a valid, reliable, and valuable instrument for assessing motor competence of Iranian children and adolescents. Finally, adequate fit indices were found for the multigroup CFA path model of KTK with the covariates sex, age, and body mass index z score. Furthermore, according to the magnitude of changes in root mean square error of approximation and comparative fit index between nested models, the assumption of KTK measurement invariance across age-groups and sex were valid. Results : CFA supported the construct validity of a one-factor model with an appropriate fit indices that the four subtests loaded on the same factor namely motor competence. In addition, we calculated a model with covariates to identify the association between KTK items with age, sex, and body mass index z score. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to investigate the factorial structure of KTK and multigroup CFA carried out to test measurement invariance across sexes and age groups. Age, sex, and body mass index were collected. Methods : Participants were children aged 5–14 years ( N = 432, 61% boys). Purpose : To examine the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Körperkoordinations Test Für Kinder (KTK) and covariates of motor competence in a sample of Iranian children aged 5–14 years. These findings reinforce the necessity for FMS interventions in early educational settings, as FMS competence is positively associated with physical activity and other health outcomes. This review highlights the scope for FMS development among children worldwide. Compared to TGMD-2 normative data, children demonstrate “below average” to “average” FMS levels. Additionally, boys exhibit higher object control skill proficiency than girls. Analyses revealed FMS competence increases across age during childhood, with greater proficiency in locomotor skills than object control skills. Weighted mean (and standard deviation) scores were calculated for each FMS outcome score. Extracted data were evaluated based on importance of determinants, strength of evidence, and methodological quality. Studies were required to: (i) include typically developing children (3–10 years), (ii) be published in English, (iii) have been published between 20 and, (iv) report ≥1 TGMD-2 outcome scores. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, studies were identified from searches across 7 databases. ![]() This study aimed to systematically review the FMS levels of children worldwide, using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). Competence in fundamental motor skills (FMS) facilitates physical activity participation and is important for children’s holistic development. ![]()
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